ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#The prevalence of skin diseases and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prominent around the world. The current scope of knowledge regarding the prevalence of skin diseases and comorbidities with type 2 DM (T2DM) is limited, leading to limited recognition of the correlations between skin diseases and T2DM.@*METHODS@#We collected 383 subjects from the Da Qing Diabetes Study during the period from July 9th to September 1st, 2016. The subjects were categorized into three groups: Normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM. The prevalence and clinical characteristics of skin diseases were recorded and investigated.@*RESULTS@#In this cross-sectional study, 383 individuals with ages ranging from 53 to 89-year-old were recruited. The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 93.5%, and 75.7% of individuals had two or more kinds of skin diseases. Additionally, there were 47 kinds of comorbid skin diseases in patients with T2DM, of which eight kinds of skin diseases had a prevalence >10%. The prevalence of skin diseases in NGT, IGT, and T2DM groups were 93.3%, 91.5%, and 96.6%, respectively; stratified analysis by categories showed a statistically significant difference in "disturbances of pigmentation" and "neurological and psychogenic dermatoses". The duration of T2DM also significantly associated with the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" and "neurological and psychogenic dermatoses". Subsequently, the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" was higher in males than females in NGT (P < 0.01) and T2DM (P < 0.01) groups. In addition, the difference in the prevalence of "disturbances of pigmentation" was also significant in NGT and T2DM groups (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There was a high prevalence of skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study. To address the skin diseases in the Da Qing Diabetes Study, increased awareness and intervention measures should be implemented.
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Glucose , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Glucose Intolerance/epidemiology , Glucose Tolerance Test , Skin Diseases/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of the laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery on the stress parameters and complication of patients with gastric cancer. Methods A total of 96 patients diagnosed as gastric cancer and treated by surgery in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2017 were divided into open operation group and laparoscopy group according to the operation method,48 cases in each group. Compared the operation time,bleeding volume,dissected lymph node number,postoperative hospitalization duration and anus exhausting time and complications in 6 months after surgery. The levels of WBC,CRP,TNF-α, IL-6 in serum before and after operation were detected by enzyme - linked immuno sorbent assay and compared. Results Compared with the open operation group, the bleeding volume,postoperative hospitalization duration and anus exhausting time of laparoscopy group were better with less dissected lymph node number and longer operation time, the differences were extremely significant(P ＜ 0. 01); the WBC,CRP,TNF-α, IL-6 levels of laparoscopy group at 1 day after the operation were lower than those of open operation group(P ＜ 0. 05). The incidence of complication of laparoscopy group was 22. 8％, which was less than 54. 7％ of control group, the difference was significant(P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion Compared with the traditional open operation, laparoscopic radical gastrectomy can shorten the hospital stays and reduce the intraoperative blood loss, the stress response and complication rate after operation.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents of flavonoids and its α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from the flower buds of Panax ginseng. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by MCI gel, silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC chromatography, and the structures were elucidated based on the NMR and MS data. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the isolated compounds in vitro were determined by 96-well microtiter plate. Results: From ethyl acetate fraction of alcohol extract of P. ginseng flower buds, five flavonoids were isolated and identified as kaempferol-3-O-(2″,3″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-(3″,4″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-(3″-Z-p-coumaroyl,4″-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-(2″,4″-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (4), and kaempferol-3-O-(2″,4″-di-Z-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-rhamnoside (5). The inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase in vitro showed that compound 3 had stronger inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. Conclusion: Compounds 1-5 are isolated from this genus for the first time, and the phenylpropionyl acylated flavonol glycosides in P. ginseng flower buds have some inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase in vitro.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents of ginsenosides from the flower buds of Panax ginseng. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by Diaion HP-20, MCI gel, silica gel, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures were elucidated based on NMR and MS data. Results: Four compounds were isolated from the extract of P. ginseng flower buds, and identified as 6’-acetyl-ginsenoside F1 (1), 12α-hydroxyl-ginsneoside Rd (2), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (3), and 5,6-didehydro-20(S)- ginsenoside Rg3 (4). Conclusion: Compound 4 is a novel ginsenoside, compounds 1 and 2 are new natural products.
ABSTRACT
This project is to investigate the chemical constituents of ginsenosides from the flower buds of Panax ginseng. The compounds were isolated by using a variety of chromatographic methods including Diaion HP-20,silica gel,MCI gel and semi-preparative HPLC chromatography. Their structures were identified by NMR,and MS data. As a result,32 compounds were isolated from the extract of P. ginseng flower buds,and identified as ginsenoside Rk_3( 1),ginsenoside Rh_4( 2),ginsenoside Rh_8( 3),pseudoginsenoside Rc_1( 4),ginsenoside Rc( 5),ginsenoside Rb_2( 6),ginsenoside Rg_6( 7),20( E)-ginsenoside F_4( 8),ginsenoside Rb_1( 9),vinaginsenoside R_(16)( 10),ginsenoside Rh_6( 11),vinaginsenoside R_3( 12),5,6-didehydro-ginsenoside Rd( 13),vinaginsenoside R_4( 14),vinaginsenoside R_8( 15),ginsenoside Rf( 16),notoginsenoside E( 17),ginsenoside Ⅲ( 18),3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-3β,7β,12β,20 S-tetrahydroxydammar-5( 6),24-diene-20-O-β-D-glucopyranoside( 19),20( S)-ginsenoside Rg_2( 20),20( R)-ginsenoside Rg_2( 21),notoginsenoside R_2( 22),ginsenoside F_2( 23),quinquenoside I( 24),ginsenoside M_1( 25),quinquenoside L_(10)( 26),ginsenoside Rh_5( 27),ginsenoside Rg_5( 28),ginsenoside Rk_1( 29),20( R)-ginsenoside Rg_3( 30),oleanolic acid 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1→2)-β-D-( 6'-methyl ester)-glucuronopyranoside( 31) and ginsenoside MC( 32). Among them,compounds 10,12,13,15,19,22,24,31 and 32 were isolated from P. ginseng for the first time,and compound 19 was a genuine ginsenoside firstly obtained by separation and identification,with NMR data that were also reported. Compounds 1-3,7,8,23,25-30 were isolated from P. ginseng flower buds for the first time.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Flowers , Chemistry , Ginsenosides , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Panax , Chemistry , SaponinsABSTRACT
Objective: To study the chemical constituents of saponins in the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, and their structures were identified by NMR and MS data analysis. Results: Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 3β,6α,12β,25-tetrahydroxy-dammar-E-20(22)-ene-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), sanchinoside B1 (2), 3β,6α,12β-dammar-E-20(22)-ene-3,6,12,25-tetraol (3), ginsenoside Rk3 (4), ginsenoside Rh4 (5), notoginsenoside T2 (6), 3β,6α,12β-dammar-20(21),24-diene-3,6,12-triol (7), ginsenoside Rk1 (8), and ginsenoside Rg5 (9). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new natural product and the other eight compounds are all isolated from the stems and leaves of P. ginseng for the first time.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To prepare lornoxicam (LN) ethosomal gel and to study its transdermal permeation in vitro. METHODS: The LN ethosomes were prepared by ethanol injection method. The formulation and the preparation method of ethosomes were optimized by orthogonal experiment using encapsulation efficiency as index. The morphology, particle size, Zeta potential and entrapment efficiency were evaluated, and the carbomer was added as the base for the preparation of the ethosomal gel. The penetration experiments of LN ethosomal gel through mouse skin were performed by Franz's cell. The concentration of LN was determined by HPLC. The cumulative penetration amount, steady penetration rate and the skin deposition of the drug were calculated. RESULTS: The obtained ethosomes were spherical, the mean size and Zeta potential were (385.6 ± 59.2) nm and (-23.49 ± 2.38) mV, respective-ly. The mean entrapment efficiency of LN in ethosomes was (73.44 ± 1.35)%. The LN ethosomal gel had a translucent yellow viscous colloidal appearance. The steady penetration rate of LN from ethosomal gel (2.81 μg · cm-2 · h-1) was 12.77, 3.51 and 2.60 times higher than that from suspensions, gel and hydroethanolic suspensions of LN, respectively. The skin deposition of the drug at the end of the experiment was statistically greater from the ethosomal gel than from other control groups. CONCLUSION: The gel is feasible in preparation technique, stable and controllable in quality and can improve transdermal penetration and increased the LN amount retain in the skin significantly.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of rhizoma sparganii and radices zedoariae on hepatic fibrosis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rat immunohepatic fibrosis model was made by intraperitoneal injection of porcine serum and treated with rhizoma sparganii and radices zedoariae. The ALT, GGT, TP, ALb, A/G, IVC, LN, HA and the pathological change of the liver were observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Rhizoma sparganii and radices zedoariae could increase TP, ALb, A/G, decrease ALT, GGT, IVC, LN, HA and improve the pathological change.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rhizoma sparganii and radices zedoariae can protect hepatic cells, alleviate degeneration and necrosis, recover structure and function, and reduce the proliferation of fibrous tissue.</p>